Generated by All in One SEO v5.0.0.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Universal Ticketing Agent Affordable Open-Loop Public Transit Ticketing Model ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://unitiag.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Redefining Open Loop in Transit Ticketing with UWB](https://unitiag.com/posts/2025/redefine-open-loop/) - Redefining Open-Loop with UniTiAg and UWB - [Open Loop: Beyond the Bank Card Tap](https://unitiag.com/posts/2025/open-loop-beyond-the-bank-card-tap/) - ByeByeCards, UniTiAg, OpenLoop, Telegram, MiniApp, RideOnTon ## Pages - [Open-Loop Ticketing Transit Operators Can Afford](https://unitiag.com/) - UniTiAg is a global, cloud-based infrastructure revolutionizing open-loop public transit fare collection. It integrates with ABT systems and online marketplaces - [Frequently Asked Questions](https://unitiag.com/frequently-asked-questions/) - Here, we address questions that are commonly asked by transit agencies, ticketing system vendors, and two-sided marketplaces. - [White Papers](https://unitiag.com/white-papers/) - Intra-Japan Closed-Loop Ticketing This article is designed for stakeholders of transit agencies, municipal planners, and ticketing system vendors. We will discuss the Sony FeliCa model of intra-Japan transit ticketing system which incorporates 100+ participating transit entities and 100+ million riders, providing latency of 0.1 sec per validation at the subway gateway. Using this example, we - [Blog](https://unitiag.com/blog/) - Blog Content Redefining Open Loop in Transit Ticketing with UWB Open Loop: Beyond the Bank Card Tap - [COFC](https://unitiag.com/cofc/) - The True Cost of Fare Collection in Open-Loop Ticketing Open-loop ticketing has evolved from a simple convenience to a complex financial operation. For a Transit Agency (TA), the total Cost of Fare Collection (COFC) is determined by regulatory burdens, transaction overhead, and the financial risks of the chosen technology and business model. This analysis compares - [Bye-Bye Cards](https://unitiag.com/bye-bye-cards-cemv/) - It is time for open-loop ticketing to shift from using contactless bank cards (in any form factor) as the means of card-present payments for transportation. It is time to embrace smartphones and wearables with authentication methods that are completely free of PCI DSS scope and the card-present transaction regulations imposed by payment schemes. This evolution is driven by two undeniable - [App Privacy Policy](https://unitiag.com/bye-bye-cards-android-app-privacy-policy/) - UniTiAg Demo Transit Validator App - Privacy Policy UniTiAg Demo Transit Validator is a demo app. It does not store, collect, or share any private or sensitive personal information. AmuzeRide Transit App - Privacy Policy AmuzeRide Transit is a demo app. It stores and collects the user email address. The app submits to AmuzeBuy the - [UniTiAg APIs](https://unitiag.com/apis/) - Download API docs and start developing your marketplace or transit ticketing solution now. Your clients - transit operators - are waiting for you. - [UniTiAg Business Architecture](https://unitiag.com/unitiag-architecture/) - UniTiAg business architecture and SaaS functionality, an affordable public transit open-loop ticketing solution, is described. - [About and Credits](https://unitiag.com/about-ip/) - Contributors to the UniTiAg open-loop ticketing concept, model, and implementation, including OTRB concept and SaaS APIs. - [Contact us](https://unitiag.com/contact-us/) - Contact us to learn more about UniTiAg, discover new collaboration opportunities, and explore how we can work together to achieve mutual success. - [Contactless Latencies](https://unitiag.com/contactless-latencies/) - Analysis of contactless tap latency and contactless EMV transaction latency. Validator cannot wait for issuer authorization before granting access to transit - [UniTiAg vs Classic Open Loop](https://unitiag.com/unitiag-vs-classic/) - Transits rely on open-loop ticketing to reduce costs. Classic solutions work well for big transits only. UniTiAg is a must for transits up to 2000 buses. - [Validator and TA Mockup](https://unitiag.com/validator-mockup/) - We developed an Android UniTiAg Validator simulation app that reacts to contactless card taps and implements TA and TANB APIs - [Transit View: Fare Policies and Risks](https://unitiag.com/transit-view/) - UniTiAg does not validate trips and calculates fares. See how Transit Agencies can apply their proprietary fare, validation, and risk policies. - [Public transit and crypto?](https://unitiag.com/transit-and-crypto/) - Cryptocurrency could serve as an effective hedge against inflation. For instance TTC in Toronto, Canada one-ride token costs CAD 3.35. In 1954 it was 15 cents ## Glossary Terms - [Trusted Execution Environment](https://unitiag.com/glossary/trusted-execution-environment/) - Trusted Execution Environment - a secure, isolated layer for mutual verification and trust - [Contactless Rider Device](https://unitiag.com/glossary/contactless-rider-device/) - Contactless Rider Device that presents credentials to the Validator proving the rider’s right to access transit services, e.g. cEMV card, a smartphone, etc. - [Transit Agency](https://unitiag.com/glossary/transit-agency/) - A transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. In our model, the TA is a seller of their services on an online marketplace. - [Offline Data Authentication](https://unitiag.com/glossary/offline-data-authentication/) - Offline Data Authentication. A process for ensuring that the contactless instrument presented to the Validator is genuine. - [API](https://unitiag.com/glossary/api/) - Application Programming Interface - [Open-loop](https://unitiag.com/glossary/open-loop/) - Open-loop ticketing allows fare payments with Visa, Mastercard, etc. cards. UniTiAg unlocks non-card-based open-loop ticketing tools, e.g., direct banking, e-wallets, crypto, etc. - [Public Key Infrastructure](https://unitiag.com/glossary/public-key-infrastructure/) - Public Key Infrastructure is a framework of cryptographic technologies, policies, and services that enables secure authentication by managing digital certificates and public-private key pairs. - [Card-Present](https://unitiag.com/glossary/card-present/) - Card-present transaction means that the card is physically engaged with a point of sale device during the transaction. - [Ultra-Wideband](https://unitiag.com/glossary/ultra-wideband/) - Ultra-Wideband is a short-range wireless communication technology that uses a wide frequency bandwidth (typically >500 MHz) to transmit data. - [Two-sided marketplace](https://unitiag.com/glossary/two-sided-marketplace/) - UniTiAg is an open-loop public transit ticketing model for business entities and cloud service, such as Amazon, PayPal, Lyft, Uber, Payz, Neteller, aetc. - [Closed Loop](https://unitiag.com/glossary/closed-loop/) - Closed-loop ticketing systems use their specific cards incompatible with other transit systems. - [Universal Ticketing Agent](https://unitiag.com/glossary/universal-ticket-agent/) - Universal Ticketing Agent is a model of open-loop public transit ticketing using card-not-present transactions for fare acquiring. - [Automated Fare Collection](https://unitiag.com/glossary/automated-fare-collection/) - Automated Fare Collection. AFC systems can be open-loop or closed-loop. Sometimes, 'AFC system' also means 'account-based fare collection system' - [Transit Agency Near-By API](https://unitiag.com/glossary/transit-agency-near-by-api/) - A Transit Agency API that gives access to a Transit Agency Ticketing System to its targeted OTRB data replica at the Regional UniTiAg Host. - [SaaS](https://unitiag.com/glossary/saas/) - Software as a Service - [COFC](https://unitiag.com/glossary/cofc/) - Cost of Fare Collection, typically expressed as a percentage of the fare revenue. - [Local Patron Account](https://unitiag.com/glossary/local-patron-account/) - Local Patron Account – a Patron’s account in a Transit Agency implementing open-loop or closed-loop ABT approach. Such a Transit Agency, after migration to UniTiAg, may still keep patron’s data related to concessions, loyalty, privileges, discounts, etc. - [UX](https://unitiag.com/glossary/ux/) - User Experience. - [PCN](https://unitiag.com/glossary/pcn/) - Payments Consulting Network - [Validator](https://unitiag.com/glossary/validator/) - Validator is a device with contactless card reader, registering card taps and validating access to the transit services. It is not a point of sale in UniTiAg model. - [Open-to-Ride Balance](https://unitiag.com/glossary/open-to-ride-balance/) - Open-to-Ride Balance is an e-wallet monetary value for ticketing purposes, associated with a contactless token, shared between Transit Agencies. It can be pre-authorized, prepaid, postpaid, or a combination of thereof. - [cEMV](https://unitiag.com/glossary/cemv/) - Contactless EMV - [EMV](https://unitiag.com/glossary/emv/) - A protocol used by payments smart cards and points of sales for execution of payments transactions. - [NFC](https://unitiag.com/glossary/nfc/) - Near-Field Communications, a protocol used for data exchange between contactless cards and readers. - [PCI DSS](https://unitiag.com/glossary/pci-dss/) - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards. - [Account-Based Ticketing](https://unitiag.com/glossary/account-based-ticketing/) - Account-Based Ticketing is a public transit ticketing system model using patron accounts as a source of data for determining fares and validating access to services. - [Card-Not-Present](https://unitiag.com/glossary/card-not-present/) - Card-not-present transaction means that the card is not physically engaged with a point of sale device during the transaction. Used in e-commerce. - [Up-Front Validation](https://unitiag.com/glossary/up-front-validation/) - Up-Front Validation method means that each contactless card tap originates a card-present payment transaction. The card issuer approval/decline response comes in several seconds. The validator cannot wait for the card issuer response and lets the patron ride. If the ticketing system gets the issuer decline it places the card in the stop list. ## Categories - [Uncategorized](https://unitiag.com/posts/category/uncategorized/) - [UWB](https://unitiag.com/posts/category/uwb/) - Ultra-Wideband in open-loop public transit fare collection (ticketing) systems ## Tags - [UniTiAg](https://unitiag.com/posts/tag/unitiag/) - [UWB](https://unitiag.com/posts/tag/uwb/) - [Wallets](https://unitiag.com/posts/tag/wallets/) - [#ByeByeCards](https://unitiag.com/posts/tag/byebyecards/) - [#OpenLoop](https://unitiag.com/posts/tag/openloop/) - [#TelegramMiniApp](https://unitiag.com/posts/tag/telegramminiapp/) - [#RideOnTon](https://unitiag.com/posts/tag/rideonton/)