Below, you will find a comparison table that highlights the key features of both the UniTiAgUniversal Ticketing Agent is a model of open-loop public transit ticketing using card-not-present transactions for fare acquiring. More and classic open-loopOpen-loop card is a payment card that can be accepted in many places, such as Visa card, Mastercard card, etc. Open-loop ticketing system allows fare payments with open-loop cards. More ticketing models. This table provides a side-by-side comparison of the two models, allowing you to easily see the differences and benefits of each.
# | Features | UniTiAgUniversal Ticketing Agent is a model of open-loop public transit ticketing using card-not-present transactions for fare acquiring. More | Classic Oepn-Loop | Comment |
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1 | Validation Latency | Tap latency 250 – 400 msec | Contactless payment transaction latency 1 -5 sec | More … |
2 | Free ride risk | Low. May only happen on low OTRBOpen-to-Ride Balance is an e-wallet monetary value for ticketing purposes, associated with a contactless token, shared between Transit Agencies. It can be pre-authorized, prepaid, postpaid, or a combination of thereof. More that is not updated on time, and if the TAA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More is willing to take the risk | High. The TAA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More must take the risk due to high transaction latency | |
3 | Likeness of free ride cost recovery | Good for debit and credit cards | Good for credit cards. Debit cards are either not eligible or cause poor UXUser Experience.. | More about debit cards … |
4 | Cost of free ride cost recovery. | Low, provided by TSMPs via CNPCard-not-present transaction means that the card is not physically engaged with a point of sale device during the transaction. Used in e-commerce. More transactions. | High due to card-present transaction aggregation rules complexity | |
5 | Acquiring merchant fees | Affordable due to high level of transaction aggregation and debit cards usage. | Prohibitive for small and mid-scale TAsA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More due to low level of transaction aggregation and debit cards usage limitations | More about transaction aggregation… |
6 | Cost of implementation of card-present contactless acquiring and compliance | None | Prohibitive for small and mid-scale | |
7 | Debit cardholder UXUser Experience. | Good. No difference from closed-loop ticketing | Poor | More about debit cardholder experience… |
8 | Unbanked passengers | Possible through prepaid reloadable cEMVContactless EMV More cards and various non-EMV tokens | Possible but more risky and more expensive due to card-present regulations and acquiring | |
9 | Contactless non-EMV tokens | Any locally issued tokens can be used, such as contactless driver’s licenses, student cards, senior passes | Not acceptable | |
10 | Preserving riders’ previous experience with closed loop | Seamless. TAsA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More may keep the same system behavior that the legacy closed-loop system riders are accustomed to | Riders accustomed to closed-loop cards must change their habits and be re-educated | |
11 | Foreign cardholder surcharge | If the cardholder selects a currency during the account top-up, the Forex surcharge, in some cases, may be less | Some card issuers apply surcharges for foreign currency conversion | |
12 | Preliminary account registration | Single UniTiAgUniversal Ticketing Agent is a model of open-loop public transit ticketing using card-not-present transactions for fare acquiring. More rider account with OTRBOpen-to-Ride Balance is an e-wallet monetary value for ticketing purposes, associated with a contactless token, shared between Transit Agencies. It can be pre-authorized, prepaid, postpaid, or a combination of thereof. More is required across all TAsA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More | Not required |