Below, you will find a comparison table that highlights the key features of both the UniTiAgUniversal Ticketing Agent is a model of open-loop public transit ticketing using card-not-present transactions for fare acquiring. More and classic open-loopOpen-loop ticketing allows fare payments with Visa, Mastercard, etc. cards. UniTiAg unlocks non-card-based open-loop ticketing tools, e.g., direct banking, e-wallets, crypto, etc. More ticketing models. This table provides a side-by-side comparison of the two models, allowing you to easily see the differences and benefits of each.
| # | Features | UniTiAgUniversal Ticketing Agent is a model of open-loop public transit ticketing using card-not-present transactions for fare acquiring. More | Classic Oepn-Loop | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Validation Latency | Tap latency 250 – 400 msec | Contactless payment transaction latency 1 -5 sec | More … |
| 2 | Free ride risk | Low. May only happen on low OTRBOpen-to-Ride Balance is an e-wallet monetary value for ticketing purposes, associated with a contactless token, shared between Transit Agencies. It can be pre-authorized, prepaid, postpaid, or a combination of thereof. More that is not updated on time, and if the TAA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More is willing to take the risk | High. The TAA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More must take the risk due to high transaction latency | |
| 3 | Likeness of free ride cost recovery | Good for debit and credit cards | Good for credit cards. Debit cards are either not eligible or cause poor UXUser Experience. More. | More about debit cards … |
| 4 | Cost of free ride cost recovery. | Low, provided by TSMPsAn online marketplace comprising two categories of customers: (A) online shoppers—e-wallet holders with cards or cash, and service receivers; (B) online merchants, sellers, and service providers. Examples include Amazon, Walmart, Uber, and many others. More via CNPCard-not-present transaction means that the card is not physically engaged with a point of sale device during the transaction. Used in e-commerce. More transactions. | High due to card-presentCard-present transaction means that the card is physically engaged with a point of sale device during the transaction. More transaction aggregation rules complexity | |
| 5 | Acquiring merchant fees | Affordable due to high level of transaction aggregation and debit cards usage. | Prohibitive for small and mid-scale TAsA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More due to low level of transaction aggregation and debit cards usage limitations | More about transaction aggregation… |
| 6 | Cost of implementation of card-presentCard-present transaction means that the card is physically engaged with a point of sale device during the transaction. More contactless acquiring and compliance | None | Prohibitive for small and mid-scale | |
| 7 | Debit cardholder UXUser Experience. More | Good. No difference from closed-loopClosed-loop ticketing systems use their specific cards incompatible with other transit systems. More ticketing | Poor | More about debit cardholder experience… |
| 8 | Unbanked passengers inclusion | Possible through prepaid reloadable cEMVContactless EMV More cards and various non-EMV tokens | Possible but more risky and more expensive due to card-presentCard-present transaction means that the card is physically engaged with a point of sale device during the transaction. More regulations and acquiring | |
| 9 | Contactless non-EMV tokens | Any locally issued tokens can be used, such as contactless driver’s licenses, student cards, senior passes | Not acceptable | |
| 10 | Preserving riders’ previous experience with closed loopClosed-loop ticketing systems use their specific cards incompatible with other transit systems. More | Seamless. TAsA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More may keep the same system behavior that the legacy closed-loopClosed-loop ticketing systems use their specific cards incompatible with other transit systems. More system riders are accustomed to | Riders accustomed to closed-loopClosed-loop ticketing systems use their specific cards incompatible with other transit systems. More cards must change their habits and be re-educated | |
| 11 | Foreign cardholder surcharge | The rider can can optimize the surcharge by assigning the OTRBOpen-to-Ride Balance is an e-wallet monetary value for ticketing purposes, associated with a contactless token, shared between Transit Agencies. It can be pre-authorized, prepaid, postpaid, or a combination of thereof. More currency, and by using different OTRBsOpen-to-Ride Balance is an e-wallet monetary value for ticketing purposes, associated with a contactless token, shared between Transit Agencies. It can be pre-authorized, prepaid, postpaid, or a combination of thereof. More in different countries. | Some card issuers apply surcharges for foreign currency conversion | |
| 12 | Preliminary account registration | Single UniTiAgUniversal Ticketing Agent is a model of open-loop public transit ticketing using card-not-present transactions for fare acquiring. More rider account with OTRBOpen-to-Ride Balance is an e-wallet monetary value for ticketing purposes, associated with a contactless token, shared between Transit Agencies. It can be pre-authorized, prepaid, postpaid, or a combination of thereof. More is required across all TAsA transit operator or an agency representing several transit operators. The TA acts as a merchant from the UniTiAg’s standpoint. More | Not required |